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The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), [2] are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons .
Rumex obtusifolius, commonly known as bitter dock, [2] [3] broad-leaved dock, bluntleaf dock, dock leaf, dockens or butter dock, is a perennial plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is native to Europe, but is found on all temperate continents.
The eudicots or eudicotyledons are flowering plants that have two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination. [1] The term derives from dicotyledon (etymologically, eu = true; di = two; cotyledon = seed leaf). Historically, authors have used the terms tricolpates or non-magnoliid dicots.
Cauliflora – with the flowers and fruit on the stem, or trunk, as in Saraca cauliflora. Cladode – a flattened stem that performs the function of a leaf; an example is the pad of the opuntia cactus. Cladophyll – a flattened stem that is leaf-like and green – used for photosynthesis. Normally such plants have no, or greatly reduced, leaves.
Bulbs are a combination of stem and leaves so may better be considered as leaves because the leaves make up the greater part. Caespitose: When stems grow in a tangled mass or clump or in low growing mats. Cladode (including phylloclade): A flattened stem that appears leaf-like and is specialized for photosynthesis, [4] e.g. cactus pads.
A few species are shrubs or small trees, such as some Acanthophyllum species. [6] Most plants are non-succulent; i.e. having no fleshy stems or leaves. The nodes on the stem are swollen. The leaves are almost always opposite, [7] rarely whorled. The blades are entire, petiolate, and often stipulate. These stipules are not sheath-forming.
Cotyledon from a Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum, a dicot) seedling Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting. The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf produced from the meristem; the cotyledon itself remains within the seed Schematic of epigeal vs hypogeal germination Peanut seeds split in half, showing the embryos with cotyledons and primordial root Two ...
The fruit can be a capsule, berry, or nut, all containing only two seeds per one locule (one ovule/ovary). Convolvulus sepium , slightly reduced. The leaves and starchy, tuberous roots of some species are used as foodstuffs (e.g. sweet potato and water spinach ), and the seeds are exploited for their medicinal value as purgatives .