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Georges Lefebvre suggested that Napoleon crossed the Neman with over 600,000 soldiers, only half of whom were from France. Felix Markham suggested that 450,000 crossed the Neman on 24/25 June 1812, of whom less than 40,000 recrossed in anything like a recognizable military formation. James Marshall-Cornwall suggested 510,000 troops entered Russia.
The French invasion is known as the Russian campaign, [c] the Second Polish War, [d] [38] the Second Polish campaign, [e] [39] the Patriotic War of 1812, [f] or the War of 1812. [40] It should not be confused with the Great Patriotic War ( Великая Отечественная война , Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna ), a term for the ...
French forces Russian forces Notes 1 July 1812 Battle of Grodno (1812) Lithuania-Grodno First French Empire Russian Empire: French victory 9–10 July 1812 Battle of Mir (1812) Lithuania-Grodno Duchy of Warsaw Russian Empire: Russian victory 19 July 1812 Battle of Ekau: Courland First French Empire Kingdom of Prussia Russian Empire: French victory
At the Battle of Smoliani (November 13–14, 1812), the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein defeated the French forces of Marshal Claude Victor and Marshal Nicholas Oudinot. This battle was the last effort of the French to reestablish their northern flank in Russia, known as the "Dwina Line".
With Snow on Their Boots: The Tragic Odyssey of the Russian Expeditionary Force in France During World War I, 1997, ISBN 0-312-17356-3; Gilbert Cahen : « Le temps retrouvé du soldat russe Anissim Ilitch Otmakhov - France 1916-1920 », ISBN 978-2-7466-5606-2, 288 pages, 30 photos, 2 cartes. Auto-édition Gilbert Cahen Versailles, mars 2013.
The last major battle had been the Battle of Tarutino on 18 October 1812, that was won by the Russian army. [4] A great part of the large mob of non-combatants, invalids from the hospitals, women, fugitive inhabitants of Moscow, whose number can only be guessed at, was directed upon Vereya and the straight road to Smolensk and only the fighting force was to march towards Kaluga. [5]
Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Casemate Publishers. Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). "Mogilev, Action at (July 23, 1812)". Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. Oxford: ABC-CLIO. Nafzinger, George (1988). Napoleon's Invasion of Russia. Presidio Press. Pigeard, Alain (2004).
Cossacks and Wittgenstein's troops closed in upon Studienka and took the stragglers on the east bank as prisoners. With the pontoon bridges gone, Wittgenstein had no means to cross the river and pursue Napoleon. On the west bank, Napoleon and his Grande Armée were on their way to Vilna. Chichagov sent Chaplits in pursuit of Napoleon but the French had destroyed three successive bridges across ...