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Progesterone (/ p r oʊ ˈ dʒ ɛ s t ər oʊ n / ⓘ; P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
Progesterone is the major progestogen produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary in all mammalian species. Luteal cells possess the necessary enzymes to convert cholesterol to pregnenolone, which is subsequently converted into progesterone. Progesterone is highest in the diestrus phase of the estrous cycle.
Progesterone can produce central nervous system depression as an adverse effect, particularly with oral administration or with high doses of progesterone. [20] [28] These side effects may include drowsiness, sedation, sleepiness, fatigue, sluggishness, reduced vigor, dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion, and cognitive, memory, and/or motor ...
Progesterone therapy can prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and raise high-density lipoprotein: The use of micronized progesterone does not affect cardiovascular risk The side effects reported in the Women's Health Initiative study were due to the synthetic nature of the hormones used
Progesterone is a progestogen, or an agonist of the nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs), the PR-A, PR-B, and PR-C. [1] In one study, progesterone showed EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values of 7.7 nM for the human PR-A and 8.0 nM for the human PR-B. [5] In addition to the PRs, progesterone is an agonist of the membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), including the mPRα ...
Progesterone is used as part of hormone replacement therapy in people who have low progesterone levels, and for other reasons. For purposes of comparison with normal physiological circumstances, luteal phase levels of progesterone are 4 to 30 ng/mL, while follicular phase levels of progesterone are 0.02 to 0.9 ng/mL, menopausal levels are 0.03 to 0.3 ng/mL, and levels of progesterone in men ...
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.
Drospirenone is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy and in menopausal hormone therapy, among other uses. [1] [10] It is available both alone under the brand name Slynd and in combination with an estrogen under the brand name Yasmin among others.