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U-matic or 3 ⁄ 4-inch Type E Helical Scan [1] [2] or SMPTE E [3] is an analogue recording videocassette format first shown by Sony in prototype in October 1969, and introduced to the market in September 1971.
Y′IQ is the format used in NTSC television. Y'PbPr is the separation used in component video. Y′CbCr is any digital encoding of Y'PbPr suited for video and image compression and transmission formats such as MPEG and JPEG. [2] All these formats are based on a luma component and two chroma components describing the color difference from gray.
The analogue YUV and digital YCbCr refer to a variety of linear methods to try to separate lightness from chroma signals in an RGB input using linear combination. As the input RGB values are gamma-corrected, such a separation does not truly produce lightness and two chroma signals, but a "luma" signal and two "chrominance" signals instead.
Initially, 4:1:1 chroma subsampling of the DV format was not considered to be broadcast quality and was only acceptable for low-end and consumer applications. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] However, DV -based formats (some of which use 4:1:1 chroma subsampling) have been used professionally in electronic news gathering and in playout servers.
Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see SMPTE color bars).Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on a vectorscope, allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds.
For example, PAL-M (Brazil) uses a 3.58 MHz subcarrier, and SECAM uses two different frequencies, 4.250 MHz and 4.40625 MHz above the video carrier. The presence of chrominance in a video signal is indicated by a color burst signal transmitted on the back porch , just after horizontal synchronization and before each line of video starts.
Case in point: Razer’s Wolverine V2 Chroma brings years of experience with pro-level PC peripherals to the console world, and the result is fantastic. Offering improved ergonomics, …
A future-use and intermediate linear RGB format using IEEE 16 bit floating point representation for each channel is also specified. For narrow range color, 10-bit per sample signals use video levels where the black level is defined as 64, achromatic gray level as 512 and the nominal peak as 940 in RGB, Y, and I encoding and 960 in Cb/Cr, and Ct ...