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Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
The protonation of water by sulfuric acid: H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + HSO − 4; The protonation of isobutene in the formation of a carbocation: (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2 + HBF 4 ⇌ (CH 3) 3 C + + BF − 4; The protonation of ammonia in the formation of ammonium chloride from ammonia and hydrogen chloride: NH 3 + HCl → NH 4 Cl
Histidine ball and stick model spinning. Histidine (symbol His or H) [2] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH 3 + form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO − form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially ...
Cation–π interactions can tune the pKa of nitrogenous side-chains, increasing the abundance of the protonated form; this has implications for protein structure and function. [15] While less studied in this context, the DNA bases are also able to participate in cation–π interactions. [16] [17]
The catalytically competent protonation state is the catalytically active protonation state of an enzyme.An enzyme is a protein, which catalyzes a chemical reaction.. Proteins and enzymes consist of amino acids, some of which are titratable (i.e., they can alter their charge when the pH of the solution changes), and an enzyme commonly needs a set of specific residues in its active site to ...
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Toss the pesto with your cooked pasta and add a splash of reserved pasta water to help the sauce cling to the noodles, creating a silky, restaurant-quality coating. Related: ...
The first step in polar transport is auxin influx. Auxin enters plant cells by two methods, first by passive diffusion as non-ionized protonated indole-3-acetic acid (IAAH) across the phospholipid bilayer, or second by active co-transport in the anionic form IAA −. As IAAH is lipophilic, it can easily cross the lipid bilayer.