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  2. Teletransportation paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletransportation_paradox

    The Polish science-fiction writer Stanisław Lem described the same problem in the mid-twentieth century. He put it in writing in his philosophical text Dialogs in 1957. . Similarly, in Lem's Star Diaries ("Fourteenth Voyage") of 1957, the hero visits a planet and finds himself recreated from a backup record, after his death from a meteorite strike, which on this planet is a very commonplace proc

  3. Molyneux's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molyneux's_problem

    One reason that Molyneux's Problem could be posed in the first place is the extreme dearth of human subjects who gain vision after extended congenital blindness. In 1971, Alberto Valvo estimated that fewer than twenty cases have been known in the last 1000 years.

  4. Roderick Chisholm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick_Chisholm

    His masterwork was Person and Object, its title deliberately contrasting with W. V. O. Quine's Word and Object. Chisholm was a metaphysical Platonist in the tradition of Bertrand Russell , and a rationalist in the tradition of Russell, G. E. Moore , and Franz Brentano ; he objected to Quine's anti-realism , behaviorism , and relativism .

  5. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...

  6. Personhood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personhood

    A person is recognized by law as such, not because they are human, but because rights and duties are ascribed to them. The person is the legal subject or substance of which the rights and duties are attributes. An individual human being considered to be having such attributes is what lawyers call a "natural person". [26]

  7. Identity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(philosophy)

    In metaphysics, identity (from Latin: identitas, "sameness") is the relation each thing bears only to itself. [1] [2] The notion of identity gives rise to many philosophical problems, including the identity of indiscernibles (if x and y share all their properties, are they one and the same thing?), and questions about change and personal identity over time (what has to be the case for a person ...

  8. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    However, Gracian is said to have asserted that the journey of life is one where a person loses the misconceptions of the world, but not the illusions. [27]: 230 Jennifer A. Herdt argues that Gracian held that "what the world values is deceptive simply because it appears solid and lasting but is in fact impermanent and transitory. Having ...

  9. Nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

    One person can head a rebellion, but one person cannot head this levelling process, for that would make him a leader and he would avoid being levelled. Each individual can in his little circle participate in this levelling, but it is an abstract process, and levelling is abstraction conquering individuality.