Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In the CGS system of units the Clausius–Mossotti relation is typically rewritten to show the molecular polarizability volume ′ = which has units of volume [m 3]. [2] Confusion may arise from the practice of using the shorter name "molecular polarizability" for both α {\displaystyle \alpha } and α ′ {\displaystyle \alpha '} within ...
Polarizability increases down on columns of the periodic table. [9] Likewise, larger molecules are generally more polarizable than smaller ones. Water is a very polar molecule, but alkanes and other hydrophobic molecules are more polarizable. Water with its permanent dipole is less likely to change shape due to an external electric field.
However, because water is a polar molecule this process of simple diffusion is relatively slow, and in tissues with high water permeability the majority of water passes through aquaporin. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Peter Agre for the discovery of aquaporins [ 6 ] and Roderick MacKinnon for his work on ...
The polarizability of individual particles in the medium can be related to the average susceptibility and polarization density by the Clausius–Mossotti relation. In general, the susceptibility is a function of the frequency ω of the applied field.
where 2.60 is the correction for the oxidative dimerization of water, obtained from a least-squares correlation of data in Edwards’ first paper on the subject. [1] α and β are then parameters unique to specific nucleophiles that relate the sensitivity of the substrate to the basicity and polarizability factors. [6]
The diagram sketches how proteins fold into their native structures by minimizing their free energy. The folding funnel hypothesis is a specific version of the energy landscape theory of protein folding, which assumes that a protein's native state corresponds to its free energy minimum under the solution conditions usually encountered in cells.
where μ is the electric dipole moment of the effectively polarized water molecule (2.35 D for the SPC/E model), μ 0 is the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule (1.85 D from experiment), and α i is an isotropic polarizability constant, with a value of 1.608 × 10 −40 F·m 2. Since the charges in the model are constant, this ...
This radius may be due to the physical size of the ion itself, the sizes of the ions in the cloud, and any water molecules that surround the ions. Mathematically, they treat the singled out ion as a point charge to which one may not approach within the radius . [21]: 231