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Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts. Due to the genetic difference between the organ and the recipient, the recipient's immune system will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to destroy it, causing transplant rejection. The risk of transplant rejection can be estimated by measuring the panel-reactive antibody level.
EU Facts and Figures. "Key facts and figures on EU organ donation and transplantation", EU Directorate General for Health & Consumers, London, 27 October 2005. Retrieved on 31 March 2012. Johnson, E. and Goldstein, D. Do defaults save lives?. Science Magazine, 21 November 2003.
The US network used to get donated kidneys, livers and hearts to desperate patients has serious issues and "needs to be vastly restructured."
While lung transplants carry certain associated risks, they can also extend life expectancy and enhance the quality of life for end-stage pulmonary patients. While the precise details of surgery will depend on the exact type of transplant, there are many steps which are common to all of these procedures.
Organ trade (also known as the blood market or the red market) is the trading of human organs, tissues, or other body products, usually for transplantation. [1] [2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), organ trade is a commercial transplantation where there is a profit, or transplantations that occur outside of national medical systems.
At 5 years post-transplant, 80% of lung transplants, 60% of heart transplants and 50% of kidney transplants are affected, while liver transplants are only affected 10% of the time. [20] Therefore, chronic rejection explains long-term morbidity in most lung-transplant recipients, [ 23 ] [ 24 ] the median survival roughly 4.7 years, about half ...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic infection that may occur after a kidney and other solid organ transplants and is a risk factor for graft failure or acute rejection. [79] [81] BK virus is now being increasingly recognised as a transplant risk factor which may lead to kidney disease or transplant failure if untreated. [82]
Liver transplantation is a potential treatment for acute or chronic conditions which cause irreversible and severe ("end-stage") liver dysfunction. [4] Since the procedure carries relatively high risks, is resource-intensive, and requires major life modifications after surgery, it is reserved for dire circumstances.