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  2. Direct sum of groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_sum_of_groups

    The group operation in the external direct sum is pointwise multiplication, as in the usual direct product. This subset does indeed form a group, and for a finite set of groups {H i} the external direct sum is equal to the direct product. If G = ΣH i, then G is isomorphic to Σ E {H i}. Thus, in a sense, the direct sum is an "internal ...

  3. Direct sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_sum

    The direct sum is an operation between structures in abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics.It is defined differently but analogously for different kinds of structures. As an example, the direct sum of two abelian groups and is another abelian group consisting of the ordered pairs (,) where and

  4. Direct product of groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_product_of_groups

    In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the direct product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new group, usually denoted G × H.This operation is the group-theoretic analogue of the Cartesian product of sets and is one of several important notions of direct product in mathematics.

  5. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    2. Direct sum: if E and F are two abelian groups, vector spaces, or modules, then their direct sum, denoted is an abelian group, vector space, or module (respectively) equipped with two monomorphisms: and : such that is the internal direct sum of () and ().

  6. Disjoint union (topology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint_union_(topology)

    In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the disjoint union (also called the direct sum, free union, free sum, topological sum, or coproduct) of a family of topological spaces is a space formed by equipping the disjoint union of the underlying sets with a natural topology called the disjoint union topology. Roughly speaking, in the ...

  7. Direct sum of topological groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_sum_of_topological...

    More generally, is called the direct sum of a finite set of subgroups, …, of the map = is a topological isomorphism. If a topological group G {\displaystyle G} is the topological direct sum of the family of subgroups H 1 , … , H n {\displaystyle H_{1},\ldots ,H_{n}} then in particular, as an abstract group (without topology) it is also the ...

  8. Representation theory of finite groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theory_of...

    For the definition of the direct sum of representations please refer to the section on direct sums of representations. A representation is called isotypic if it is a direct sum of pairwise isomorphic irreducible representations. Let (,) be a given representation of a group .

  9. Free abelian group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_abelian_group

    Every set can be the basis of a free abelian group, which is unique up to group isomorphisms. The free abelian group for a given basis set can be constructed in several different but equivalent ways: as a direct sum of copies of the integers, as a family of integer-valued functions, as a signed multiset, or by a presentation of a group.

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