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At first, the illusory truth effect was believed to occur only when individuals are highly uncertain about a given statement. [1] Psychologists also assumed that "outlandish" headlines wouldn't produce this effect however, recent research shows the illusory truth effect is indeed at play with false news. [5]
So formidably defined, rumor is but a special case of informal social communications, including myth, legend, and current humor. From myth and legend it is distinguished by its emphasis on the topical. Where humor is designed to provoke laughter, rumor begs for belief. [5] Knapp identified three basic characteristics that apply to rumor:
Despite many attempts to debunk the rumor, including an investigation by Snopes, the false story was shared by more than 92,000 people and was covered by major news agencies. [ 7 ] In an example of Brandolini's law during the COVID-19 pandemic , Jeff Yates, a disinformation journalist at Radio-Canada , said of a very popular YouTube video: "He ...
An infodemic is a rapid and far-reaching spread of both accurate and inaccurate information about certain issues. [1] [2] [3] The word is a portmanteau of information and epidemic and is used as a metaphor to describe how misinformation and disinformation can spread like a virus from person to person and affect people like a disease. [4]
It can be difficult to undo the effects of misinformation once individuals believe it to be true. [67] Individuals may desire to reach a certain conclusion, causing them to accept information that supports that conclusion, and are more likely to retain and share information if it emotionally resonates with them.
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. A modern english thesaurus. A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms ...
For example, disclosing that a police department has documents about a current investigation into a criminal conspiracy, even if the content of the documents is not disclosed, would make it public that an investigation is happening; in response, suspects could destroy evidence or even murder those who they feel may testify against them.
It is also a problem in journalism and the development of conspiracy theories, in which the primary goal of a source spreading unlikely or hard-to-believe information is to make it appear to be widely known. The case of the 2002 Niger uranium forgeries was a classic instance of circular reporting by intelligence agencies. [4]