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A via (Latin, 'path' or 'way') is an electrical connection between two or more metal layers of a printed circuit boards (PCB) or integrated circuit. Essentially a via is a small drilled hole that goes through two or more adjacent layers; the hole is plated with metal (often copper) that forms an electrical connection through the insulating layers.
In electronic engineering, a through-silicon via (TSV) or through-chip via is a vertical electrical connection that passes completely through a silicon wafer or die. TSVs are high-performance interconnect techniques used as an alternative to wire-bond and flip chips to create 3D packages and 3D integrated circuits.
Figure 1: Example two-port network with symbol definitions. Notice the port condition is satisfied: the same current flows into each port as leaves that port.. In electronics, a two-port network (a kind of four-terminal network or quadripole) is an electrical network (i.e. a circuit) or device with two pairs of terminals to connect to external circuits.
For similar reasons, a technique called trace necking reduces (or necks down [7] [8] [9]) the width of a trace that approaches a narrower pad of a surface-mounted device or a through-hole with a diameter that is less than the width of the trace, or when the trace passes through bottlenecks (for example, between the pads of a component). [8] [9 ...
Network N has a port connecting it to an external circuit. The port meets the port condition because the current I entering one terminal of the port is equal to the current exiting the other. In electrical circuit theory , a port is a pair of terminals connecting an electrical network or circuit to an external circuit, as a point of entry or ...
The sequence of words, (the form of the notation is <originator>.<word_type(destination)> and is a notation similar to CSP), for transfer of data from the BC to a terminal is master.command(terminal) → terminal.status(master) → master.data(terminal) → master.command(terminal) → terminal.status(master)
The Remote Terminal Unit is initially interrogated with what DNP3 terms an "Integrity Poll" (a combined Read of Class 1, 2, 3 and 0 data). This causes the Remote Terminal Unit to send all buffered events and also all static point data to the Master station. Following this, the Master polls for the event data by reading Class 1, Class 2 or Class 3.
The individual signals on a serial port are unidirectional and when connecting two devices, the outputs of one device must be connected to the inputs of the other. Devices are divided into two categories: data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE ...