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In geometry, the Beckman–Quarles theorem states that if a transformation of the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space preserves unit distances, then it preserves all Euclidean distances. Equivalently, every homomorphism from the unit distance graph of the plane to itself must be an isometry of the plane. The theorem is named ...
Distance geometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with characterizing and studying sets of points based only on given values of the distances between pairs of points. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] More abstractly, it is the study of semimetric spaces and the isometric transformations between them.
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. [ a ] The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek : ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure".
An isometry of the Euclidean plane is a distance-preserving transformation of the plane. That is, it is a map: such that for any points p and q in the plane, (,) = ((), ()), where d(p, q) is the usual Euclidean distance between p and q.
In mathematics, a rigid transformation (also called Euclidean transformation or Euclidean isometry) is a geometric transformation of a Euclidean space that preserves the Euclidean distance between every pair of points.
The translations by a given distance in any direction form a conjugacy class; the translation group is the union of those for all distances. In 1D, all reflections are in the same class. In 2D, rotations by the same angle in either direction are in the same class. Glide reflections with translation by the same distance are in the same class. In 3D:
A motion of a Euclidean space is the same as its isometry: it leaves the distance between any two points unchanged after the transformation. But a (proper) rotation also has to preserve the orientation structure. The "improper rotation" term refers to isometries that reverse (flip) the orientation.
In mechanics and geometry, the 3D rotation group, often denoted SO(3), is the group of all rotations about the origin of three-dimensional Euclidean space under the operation of composition. [ 1 ] By definition, a rotation about the origin is a transformation that preserves the origin, Euclidean distance (so it is an isometry ), and orientation ...