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A typical coal-fired power plant works at 10,500 Btu/kWh (3.1 kWh/kWh), an efficiency of 32–33%. [25] The centigrade heat unit (CHU) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound (0.45 kg) of water by one Celsius degree. It is equal to 1.8 Btu or 1,899 joules. [26]
[1] Compressed natural gas (CNG), for example, is a gas rather than a liquid. It can be measured by its volume in standard cubic feet (ft 3 ) at atmospheric conditions , by its weight in pounds (lb), or by its energy content in joules (J), British thermal units (BTU), or kilowatt-hours (kW·h).
For some usage examples, consider the conversion of 1 SCCM to kg/s of a gas of molecular weight , where is in kg/kmol. Furthermore, consider standard conditions of 101325 Pa and 273.15 K, and assume the gas is an ideal gas (i.e., Z n = 1 {\displaystyle Z_{n}=1} ).
The therm (symbol, thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU), [1] and approximately 105 megajoules, 29.3 kilowatt-hours, 25,200 kilocalories and 25.2 thermies. One therm is the energy content of approximately 100 cubic feet (2.83 cubic metres) of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure .
This thermal energy input of 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,412 Btu Therefore, the heat rate of a 100% efficient plant is simply 1, or 1 kWh/kWh, or 3.6 MJ/kWh, or 3,412 Btu/kWh To express the efficiency of a generator or power plant as a percentage, invert the value if dimensionless notation or same unit are used.
≡ 13 595.1 kg/m 3 × 1 ft × g 0: ≈ 4.063 666 × 10 4 Pa [33] foot of water (39.2 °F) ftH 2 O ≈ 999.972 kg/m 3 × 1 ft × g 0: ≈ 2.988 98 × 10 3 Pa [33] inch of mercury (conventional) inHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m 3 × 1 in × g 0: ≈ 3.386 389 × 10 3 Pa [33] inch of water (39.2 °F) inH 2 O ≈ 999.972 kg/m 3 × 1 in × g 0: ≈ 249.082 ...
Add a calculator widget to the page. Like a spreadsheet you can refer to other widgets in the same page. Template parameters [Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status id id The id for this input. This is used to reference it in formula of other calculator templates String required type type What type of input box Suggested values plain number text radio checkbox passthru hidden ...
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...