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While the maintenance of ventilation/perfusion ratio during regional obstruction of airflow is beneficial, HPV can be detrimental during global alveolar hypoxia which occurs with exposure to high altitude, where HPV causes a significant increase in total pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure, potentially leading to ...
This causes a type of shock, called obstructive shock, which can lead to organ damage. [6] Non-cardiac symptoms may also present due to the enlarging pericardial effusion compressing nearby structures. Some examples are nausea and abdominal fullness, dysphagia and hiccups, due to compression of stomach, esophagus, and phrenic nerve respectively ...
The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis , uremic pericarditis , heart attack , cancer , autoimmune disorders , and chest trauma .
Pulmonary edema has multiple causes and is traditionally classified as cardiogenic (caused by the heart) or noncardiogenic (all other types not caused by the heart). [2] [3] Various laboratory tests (CBC, troponin, BNP, etc.) and imaging studies (chest x-ray, CT scan, ultrasound) are often used to diagnose and classify the cause of pulmonary edema.
One of the most common settings for cardiac tamponade is in the first 7 days after heart surgery. [16] After heart surgery, chest tubes are placed to drain blood. These chest tubes, however, are prone to clot formation. When a chest tube becomes occluded or clogged, the blood that should be drained can accumulate around the heart, leading to ...
To be classified as pulmonary heart disease, the cause must originate in the pulmonary circulation system; RVH due to a systemic defect is not classified as pulmonary heart disease. Two causes are vascular changes as a result of tissue damage (e.g. disease, hypoxic injury), and chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. If left untreated, then ...
Fetal conditions can also cause a mediastinal shift during development. For example, pulmonary hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of a lung due to various etiologies. These include agenesis due to gene mutation, fetal hydrothorax, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. These conditions lead to incomplete development of lung tissue or hypoplasia.
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart (endocardium), usually the valves. [1] Signs and symptoms may include fever, small areas of bleeding into the skin, heart murmur, feeling tired, and low red blood cell count.