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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. [1] In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge. The name of the gauge is not a direct measurement, and refers to the nominal width of the 35 mm format photographic film, which consists of strips 1.377 ± 0.001 inches (34.976 ± 0.025 mm) wide.
The strips can then be rearranged and laid out sequentially to represent the order one wants to film in, providing a schedule that can be used to plan the production. [1] This is done because most films are shot "out of sequence," meaning that they do not necessarily begin with the first scene and end with the last. [ 2 ]
In bipack color photography for motion pictures, two strips of black-and-white 35 mm film, running through the camera emulsion to emulsion, are used to record two regions of the color spectrum, for the purpose of ultimately printing the images, in complementary colors, superimposed on one strip of film.
Two frames of a vertical filmstrip take up roughly the same amount of space as a single frame on the horizontal. Including its guard band, a vertical filmstrip could contain up to 64 images, while a horizontal oriented strip usually contained 32 images. This is based on the equivalent of a 25 exposure length of 35mm still camera film.
Eastman Kodak introduced their first 35mm color negative stock, Eastman Color Negative film 5247, in 1950. [9] A higher quality version in 1952, Eastman Color Negative film 5248, was quickly adopted by Hollywood for color motion picture production, replacing both the expensive three-strip Technicolor process and Monopack. [9]
The most famous version of Technicolor, the full-color three-strip Technicolor Process 4 used from 1932 to 1955, exposed two of the three strips—the blue and red images—in bipack. The green record, the highest definition record, was exposed directly.
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This bipack color system used two strips of film running through the camera, one recording red, and one recording blue-green light. With the black-and-white negatives being printed onto duplitized film, the color images were then toned red and blue, effectively creating a subtractive color print.