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Kernohan's notch is a cerebral peduncle indentation associated with some forms of transtentorial herniation (uncal herniation). [1] [2] It is a secondary condition caused by a primary injury on the opposite hemisphere of the brain. [3]
Other possibilities resulting from brain stem distortion include lethargy, slow heart rate, and pupil dilation. [9] Uncal herniation may advance to central herniation. [7] The sliding uncus syndrome represents uncal herniation without alteration in the level of consciousness and other sequelae mentioned above.
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [1]
Types of brain herniation [21] 1) Uncal 2) Central - The brainstem herniates caudally. 3) Cingulate herniation - The brain squeezes under the falx cerebri . 4) Transcalvarial herniation - through a skull fracture 5) Upward herniation of the cerebellum 6) Tonsillar herniation - the cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum.
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. This equals to 9–20 cmH 2 O , which is a common scale used in lumbar punctures . [ 1 ] The body has various mechanisms by which it keeps the ICP stable, with CSF pressures varying by about 1 mmHg in normal adults through shifts in production and ...
Before he entered Recovery Works, the Georgetown treatment center, Patrick had been living in a condo his parents owned. But they decided that he should be home now. He would attend Narcotics Anonymous meetings, he would obtain a sponsor — a fellow recovering addict to turn to during low moments — and life would go on.
This is called herniation and will often cause an enlarged pupil on the affected side, due to pressure on the oculomotor nerve. Tentorial herniation is a serious symptom, especially since the brainstem is likely to be compressed as well if the intracranial pressure rises further. A common type of herniation is uncal herniation.