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Bill Johnston (February 1, 1782 – February 17, 1870) was a Canadian-American smuggler, river pirate, and War of 1812 privateer.Born in Canada, Johnston was accused of spying in 1812 and he joined the American side of the war and lived the rest of his life in the United States.
In common with privateers of other nationalities, however, they were often considered pirates by their foreign opponents, and might be hanged as pirates if captured by the foreigners they preyed on. The "corsair" activities started in the Middle Ages the main goals really being to compensate for the economic problems in war periods; and the ...
A privateer was a private person authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Privateering was an accepted part of naval warfare from the 16th to the 19th centuries, authorised by all significant naval powers. Notable privateers included: Victual Brothers or Vitalians or Likedeelers 1360–1401
During the Nine Years' War, French policy strongly encouraged privateers, including the famous Jean Bart, to attack English and Dutch shipping. England lost roughly 4,000 merchant ships during the war. [5] In the following War of Spanish Succession, privateer attacks continued, Britain losing 3,250 merchant ships. [6]
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The main motivation of these insurgent privateers were to earn money but their political motivation was scant. They captured merchant vessels and slave ships to seize loot but they refused to fight against the Spanish Navy. After the War of 1812 privately armed vessels came from North America, mostly from Baltimore.
Captains of the privateers of the War of 1812. Ho-Ho-Kus Publishing Company, 1994. Documents about Prince de Neufchatel in the possession of the UK National Archives; Drawing of Prince de Neufchatel in the UK National Maritime Museum; The battle with HMS Endymion in: Maclay, E.S., A History of American Privateers, New York, 1899
She captured a number of privateers, and was still in American waters after the outbreak of the War of 1812. On 19 August 1812 Guerriere , under Captain James Richard Dacres , sighted the American frigate Constitution , under Isaac Hull .