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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
The persistence of encomiendas in Peru, long after the system had been replaced in most of Latin America, was due to the cultural similarity between the Spanish encomienda and the Inca system of tribute labor, the mit'a. The Spanish inherited and adapted the mit'a system.
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...
[2] [3] The Franciscan missionaries were split evenly and sent to Mexico, Texcoco, and Tlaxcala. [4]: 138 In addition to their primary goal of spreading Christianity, the missionaries studied the native languages, taught children to read and write, and taught adults trades such as carpentry and ceramics.
The encomienda system was replaced by the repartimiento system. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] With the repartimiento system, the Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered its subjects, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class. [ 73 ]
This system rewarded the Spanish conquerors with forced labor from the native peoples. A system of serfdom, the pre-colonial alipin system, already existed before the islands were colonized by the Spanish Empire in 1565, but it differed in that groups of native people were not obliged to render forced labor to superiors.
[nb 1] Encomienda gave the encomendero (holder of the encomienda) the right to receive tribute and labour from the indigenous inhabitants of a defined area. Up until the middle of the 16th century, the encomendero could assign his own level of tribute and labour to be provided by the natives within his encomienda, which gave rise to much abuse ...
Encomienda – Spanish labour system in its colonies; Encomiendas in Peru; Latifundio–minifundio land tenure structure – A concept in the social sciences describing the civil organization of latin america; Plantation – Farm for cash crops; Pronoia – Byzantine revenue system