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RAF is an acronym for Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma. [12] RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, also referred to as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. [11] Activation of RAF kinases requires interaction with RAS-GTPases. The three RAF kinase family members are: A-RAF; B-RAF; c-Raf
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme [4] that in humans is encoded by the RAF1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The c-Raf protein is part of the ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase (MAP3K) that functions downstream of the Ras subfamily of membrane associated GTPases. [ 7 ]
The RAF kinase phosphorylates and activates a MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK1 or MEK2). The MEK phosphorylates and activates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RAF and MAPK/ERK are both serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. MEK is a serine/tyrosine/threonine kinase. In a technical sense, RAF, MEK, and MAPK are all mitogen-activated kinases ...
Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf or simply A-Raf is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARAF gene. [5] A-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. [6] Compared to the other members of this family (Raf-1 and B-Raf), very little is known about A-Raf.
The MAP kinase-kinase, which activates ERK, was named "MAPK/ERK kinase" . [5] Receptor-linked tyrosine kinases, Ras, Raf, MEK, and MAPK could be fitted into a signaling cascade linking an extracellular signal to MAPK activation. [6] See: MAPK/ERK pathway. Transgenic gene knockout mice lacking MAPK1 have major defects in early development. [7]
Progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 3 (PAQR3), or Raf Kinase Trapping to Golgi apparatus (RKTG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR3 gene. [5] It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. [6] PAQR3 is predicted to have seven transmembrane helices and to be localized to the Golgi Apparatus.
B-Raf is a 766-amino acid, regulated signal transduction serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.Broadly speaking, it is composed of three conserved domains characteristic of the Raf kinase family: conserved region 1 (CR1), a Ras-GTP-binding [11] self-regulatory domain, conserved region 2 (CR2), a serine-rich hinge region, and conserved region 3 (CR3), a catalytic protein kinase domain that ...
The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a kinase inhibitor protein, that regulates many signaling pathways within the cell. [1] RKIP is a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family and has displayed disruptive regulation on the Raf-1- MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2 and NF-kappaB signalling pathways, by interaction with the Raf-1 kinase.