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It is also known as the LESS treatment, and was invented by Dr. Jens Axelgaard in 1976. [1] It is a non-invasive scoliosis treatment that utilizes electrical muscle stimulation , which is also known as neurostimulation or neuromuscular stimulation.
The Fp2, F8, T4, T6, and O2 electrodes are placed at intervals of 5%, 10%, 10%, 10%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, measured above the right ear, from front (Fpz) to back (Oz). The same is done for the odd-numbered electrodes on the left side, to complete the full circumference. Measurement methods for placement of the F3, F4, P3, and P4 points differ.
The electrode sites are colour-coded according to the lobes of the brain which their labels (F, C, P, O, and T) represent. The head indicates the location of the fiducials: the nasion, the (left) pre-auricular point, and the inion. The font used for the electrode labels is Iosevka Medium.
A hole about 14 mm in diameter is drilled in the skull and the probe electrode is inserted stereotactically, using either frame-based or frameless stereotaxis. [14] During the awake procedure with local anesthesia, feedback from the person is used to determine the optimal placement of the permanent electrode.
Allowing the placement of multiple electrodes at once rather than individually; The ability to set up controls within the same experimental setup (by using one electrode as a control and others as experimental). This is of particular interest in stimulation experiments. The ability to select different recordings sites within the array
Electrocorticography (ECoG), a type of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), is a type of electrophysiological monitoring that uses electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
Electrode placement is extremely important to elicit a good VEP response free of artifact. In a typical (one channel) setup, one electrode is placed 2.5 cm above the inion and a reference electrode is placed at Fz. For a more detailed response, two additional electrodes can be placed 2.5 cm to the right and left of Oz.
Lead II — This axis goes from the right arm to the left leg, with the negative electrode on the shoulder and the positive one on the leg. This results in a +60 degree angle of orientation. [4] = Lead III — This axis goes from the left shoulder (negative electrode) to the right or left leg (positive electrode). This results in a +120 degree ...