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The plasma approximation: The plasma approximation applies when the plasma parameter Λ, [26] representing the number of charge carriers within the Debye sphere is much higher than unity. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] It can be readily shown that this criterion is equivalent to smallness of the ratio of the plasma electrostatic and thermal energy densities.
The plasma collisionality is defined as [4] [5] =, where denotes the electron-ion collision frequency, is the major radius of the plasma, is the inverse aspect-ratio, and is the safety factor. The plasma parameters m i {\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {i} }} and T i {\displaystyle T_{\mathrm {i} }} denote, respectively, the mass and temperature of the ...
In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma.
Plasma modeling refers to solving equations of motion that describe the state of a plasma. It is generally coupled with Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields or Poisson's equation for electrostatic fields. There are several main types of plasma models: single particle, kinetic, fluid, hybrid kinetic/fluid, gyrokinetic and as system of ...
Ionized matter was first identified in a discharge tube (or Crookes tube), and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 (he called it "radiant matter"). [5] The nature of the Crookes tube " cathode ray " matter was subsequently identified by English physicist Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897, [ 6 ] and dubbed "plasma" by Irving Langmuir in 1928, [ 7 ...
This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
Dusty plasmas are often studied in laboratory setups. The dust particles can be grown inside the plasma, or microparticles can be inserted. Usually, a low temperature plasma with a low degree of ionization is used. The microparticles then become the dominant component regarding the energy and momentum transport, and they can essentially be ...
The Debye sheath is the transition from a plasma to a solid surface. Similar physics is involved between two plasma regions that have different characteristics; the transition between these regions is known as a double layer, and features one positive, and one negative layer.