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Despoina or Despoena (/ d ɛ s ˈ p iː n ə /; [1] Greek: Δέσποινα, romanized: Déspoina) was the epithet of a goddess worshipped by the Eleusinian Mysteries in Ancient Greece as the daughter of Demeter and Poseidon and the sister of Arion. [2]
There is some evidence that the figures of the Queen of the Underworld and the daughter of Demeter were initially considered separate goddesses. [86] However, they must have become conflated by the time of Hesiod in the 7th century BC. [79] Demeter and Persephone were often worshipped together and were often referred to by joint cultic titles.
Hesiod's Theogony, (c. 700 BCE) which could be considered the "standard" creation myth of Greek mythology, [1] tells the story of the genesis of the gods. After invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus (the Underworld), in ...
Demeter and Metanira, detail of an Apulian red-figure hydria, Antikensammlung Berlin (1984.46) In Greek mythology, Metanira (/ ˌ m ɛ t ə ˈ n aɪ r ə /; Ancient Greek: Μετάνειρα Metáneira) or Meganira [1] was a queen of Eleusis as wife of King Celeus. She was the daughter of Amphictyon, the king of Athens. [2]
In Hesiod's Theogony, Hemera and her brother Aether were the offspring of Erebus and Nyx. [2] Bacchylides apparently had Hemera as the daughter of Chronus (Time) and Nyx. [3] In the lost epic poem the Titanomachy (late seventh century BC?), [4] Hemera was perhaps the mother, by Aether, of Uranus (Sky). [5]
The poet declares that it is he, where we might have expected some king instead, upon whom the Muses have bestowed the two gifts of a scepter and an authoritative voice (Hesiod, Theogony 30–3), which are the visible signs of kingship. It is not that this gesture is meant to make Hesiod a king.
Hesiod (/ ˈ h iː s i ə d / HEE-see-əd or / ˈ h ɛ s i ə d / HEH-see-əd; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos; fl. c. 700 BC) was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. [1] [2] Several of Hesiod's works have survived in their entirety.
Hesiod goes on to say that these "are the eldest ... but there are many besides" and that there were "three thousand" Oceanids, [2] a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable". [3] While some of these names, such as Peitho , Metis and Tyche , certainly reflected existing traditions, many were probably mere poetic inventions. [ 4 ]