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Gender identity refers to a personal identification with a particular gender and gender role in society. The term woman has historically been used interchangeably with reference to the female body, though more recently this usage has been viewed as controversial by some feminists. [48]
In the sociology of gender, the process whereby an individual learns and acquires a gender role in society is termed gender socialization. [8] [9] [10] Gender roles are culturally specific, and while most cultures distinguish only two (boy/man and girl/woman), others recognize more.
By the end of this wave, society began to realize that gender, the idea of what it means to be a "woman", and society's expectations of what a woman is, are socially constructed. This realization led to the rise of the third feminist movement. It focused on debunking the predominant idea society held for women and their position in society.
Gender systems are the social structures that establish the number of genders and their associated gender roles in every society. A gender role is "everything that a person says and does to indicate to others or to the self the degree that one is either male, female, or androgynous. This includes but is not limited to sexual and erotic arousal ...
Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on gender or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for gender, also called substantive equality. [3] Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal.
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [6] According to West and Zimmerman, is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions of society."
X-gender; X-jendā [48] Xenogender [21] [49] can be defined as a gender identity that references "ideas and identities outside of gender". [26]: 102 This may include descriptions of gender identity in terms of "their first name or as a real or imaginary animal" or "texture, size, shape, light, sound, or other sensory characteristics". [26]: 102
Women are less likely to pursue advanced degrees and tend to have low paying jobs. There is a gender pay gap : even with the same level of education and occupational role, women earn much less than men, [ 5 ] though research suggests this is largely due to women working fewer hours than men overall for reasons such as caring for children or ...