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Each Military Reconstruction Act had slightly different requirements for readmission to the Union, and were successively passed in response to various political developments in the Southern States. For example, the earlier acts required that the new State Constitutions be approved by a popular vote, earning the approval of a majority of the ...
The First Reconstruction Act had been passed March 2, 1867. On July 3, 1867, the House Select Committee on Reconstruction was created when the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution by Thaddeus Stevens which read, "Resolved that a committee of nine be appointed to inquire what further legislation, if any, is required respecting the acts of March 2, 1867, or other ...
March 4, 1867: Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act, establishing requirements for the readmission of additional states, over Johnson's veto. July 19, 1867: Congress passes the third Reconstruction Act, creating a system of military government throughout the South.
Board of Education in 1954 and laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. [30] The Reconstruction Amendments affected the constitutional division of power between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States, [31] for the Reconstruction Amendments "were specifically designed as an ...
In addition, the Reconstruction Acts and state Reconstruction constitutions and laws barred many ex-Confederate Southern whites from holding office and, in some states, disenfranchised them unless they took a loyalty oath. Southern whites, fearing black domination, resisted the freedmen's exercise of political power. [9]
The committee's decisions were recorded in its journal, but the journal did not reveal the committee's debates or discussions, which were deliberately kept secret. [7] Once the committee had completed work on the proposed Fourteenth Amendment, several of its members spoke out, including Senator Howard, who gave a long speech to the full Senate in which he presented "in a very succinct way, the ...
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War.
Reese (1876), [46] the first U.S. Supreme Court decision interpreting the Fifteenth Amendment, the Court interpreted the amendment narrowly, upholding ostensibly race-neutral limitations on suffrage, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and a grandfather clause that exempted citizens from other voting requirements if their grandfathers had ...