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The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires. [1] The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). [2] A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture. [3]
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. [1] [a] Flames, the most visible portion of the fire, are produced in the combustion reaction when the fuel reaches its ignition point.
As fires can be caused by or involve many ignition sources and fuels, an individual with expertise in fire chemistry should investigate the incident. [5] For example, if there is a gas appliance at the origin of the fire, an investigator should know enough about appliances to either include or exclude it as a possible cause of the fire.
The development of NFPA 704 is credited to the Charlotte Fire Department after a fire at the Charlotte Chemical Company in 1959 led to severe injuries to many of the firefighters. [4] [5] Upon arrival, the fire crew found a fire burning inside a vat that firefighters assumed to be burning kerosene. The crew tried to suppress the fire, which ...
The creation of sparks from metals is based on the pyrophoricity of small metal particles, and pyrophoric alloys are made for this purpose. [2] Practical applications include the sparking mechanisms in lighters and various toys, using ferrocerium; starting fires without matches, using a firesteel; the flintlock mechanism in firearms; and spark testing ferrous metals.
Some multistep reactions can also have apparent negative activation energies. For example, the overall rate constant k for a two-step reaction A ⇌ B, B → C is given by k = k 2 K 1, where k 2 is the rate constant of the rate-limiting slow second step and K 1 is the equilibrium constant of the rapid
In fire classes, a Class B fire is a fire in flammable liquids or flammable gases, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, or alcohols. [1] For example, propane, natural gas, gasoline and kerosene fires are types of Class B fires. [2] [3] The use of lighter fluid on a charcoal grill, for example, creates a Class B ...
A fire class is a system of categorizing fire with regard to the type of material and fuel for combustion.Class letters are often assigned to the different types of fire [1], but these differ between territories; there are separate standards for the United States (NFPA 10 Chapter 5.2.1-5.2.5), Europe (DIN EN2 Classification of fires (European Standard) ISO3941 Classification of fires ...