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It was referred to as "Jupiter I", or "The first satellite of Jupiter" until the mid-20th century. [14] With over 400 active volcanos, Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System. [25] Its surface is dotted with more than 100 mountains, some of which are taller than Earth's Mount Everest. [26]
Artist's depiction of Pioneer 10, the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The exploration of Jupiter has been conducted via close observations by automated spacecraft.It began with the arrival of Pioneer 10 into the Jovian system in 1973, and, as of 2024, has continued with eight further spacecraft missions in the vicinity of Jupiter and two more en route.
In both the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, Jupiter was named after the chief god of the divine pantheon: Zeus to the Greeks and Jupiter to the Romans. [19] The International Astronomical Union formally adopted the name Jupiter for the planet in 1976 and has since named its newly discovered satellites for the god's lovers, favourites, and descendants. [20]
A montage of Jupiter and its four largest moons (distance and sizes not to scale) There are 95 moons of Jupiter with confirmed orbits as of 5 February 2024. [1] [note 1] This number does not include a number of meter-sized moonlets thought to be shed from the inner moons, nor hundreds of possible kilometer-sized outer irregular moons that were only briefly captured by telescopes. [4]
Measurement of the speed of light from the time it takes Io to orbit Jupiter, using eclipses of Io by Jupiter's shadow to precisely measure its orbit. Io is the innermost of the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo in January 1610. Rømer and Cassini refer to it as the "first satellite of Jupiter".
S/2003 J 12 is a natural satellite of Jupiter, and is one of the smallest known natural satellites in the Solar System.It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.
First Canadian satellite (on American rocket), first satellite not constructed by the US or USSR October 2 US: Explorer 14 (EPE-B) Thor-Delta A: Earth Success NASA spacecraft instrumented to measure cosmic-ray particles, trapped particles, solar wind protons, and magnetospheric and interplanetary magnetic fields. October 18 US: Ranger 5: Atlas ...
Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet. [ 4 ] The Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the Galileo spacecraft and managed the Galileo program for NASA .