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The naïf appears as a cultural type in two main forms. On the one hand, there is 'the satirical naïf, such as Candide'. [2] Northrop Frye suggested we might call it "the ingénu form, after Voltaire's dialogue of that name.
Naïve realism argues we perceive the world directly. In philosophy of perception and epistemology, naïve realism (also known as direct realism or perceptual realism) is the idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are. [1]
Lee Ross and fellow psychologist Andrew Ward have outlined three interrelated assumptions, or "tenets", that make up naïve realism. They argue that these assumptions are supported by a long line of thinking in social psychology, along with several empirical studies.
The definition of the term, and its "borders" with neighbouring terms such as folk art and outsider art, has been a matter of some controversy. Naïve art is a term usually used for the forms of fine art, such as paintings and sculptures, made by a self-taught artist, while objects with a practical use come under folk art.
On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry (Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung) is a 1795–6 paper by Friedrich Schiller on poetic theory and the different types of poetic relationship to the world.
Most people enter military service “with the fundamental sense that they are good people and that they are doing this for good purposes, on the side of freedom and country and God,” said Dr. Wayne Jonas, a military physician for 24 years and president and CEO of the Samueli Institute, a non-profit health research organization.
Naïve cynicism is a philosophy of mind, cognitive bias and form of psychological egoism that occurs when people naïvely expect more egocentric bias in others than actually is the case.
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