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A plumbing code is a code that provides regulations for the design, installation and inspection of building plumbing and sanitary systems. In the United States, jurisdictions enact their own codes, some of which are based upon model plumbing codes.
Designated as an American National Standard, the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.
Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. [1] Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications. [2]
Among the construction trades, in most industrialized countries, each has a distinct 2-5 year craft apprenticeship education and usually once started a worker remains in a single craft and progresses through ranks of skill for the duration of their career (pre-apprentice, apprentice, and journeyman; some countries include a post-journeyman ...
In post-classical Kilwa, plumbing was prevalent in the stone homes of the natives. [56] [57] The Husani Kubwa Palace, as well as other buildings for the ruling elite and wealthy, included the luxury of indoor plumbing. [57] In the Ashanti Empire, toilets were housed in two story buildings that were flushed with gallons of boiling water.
The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada.
Conversely, the obvert level is the highest interior level, and can be considered the "ceiling" level, being the highest level of that sewer. The bottom of the sewer is called the invert from a general resemblance in construction to an "inverted" arch. [2] An inverted arch is a rounded structure with its crown facing in the downward position.
[3] [4] Roman roofs used lead in conduits and drain pipes [5] and some were also covered with lead; lead was also used for piping and for making baths. [6] The Latin for lead is plumbum. In medieval times, anyone who worked with lead was referred to as a plumber; this can be seen from an extract about workmen fixing a roof in Westminster Palace ...