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(August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) In cryptography , mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers . It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes (congruence classes) modulo n .
Matrix congruence is an equivalence relation. Matrix congruence arises when considering the effect of change of basis on the Gram matrix attached to a bilinear form or quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space : two matrices are congruent if and only if they represent the same bilinear form with respect to different bases .
An MDS matrix (maximum distance separable) is a matrix representing a function with certain diffusion properties that have useful applications in cryptography.Technically, an matrix over a finite field is an MDS matrix if it is the transformation matrix of a linear transformation = from to such that no two different (+)-tuples of the form (, ()) coincide in or more components.
One of the most important issues for any cryptographic primitive is the security of the system. However, in numerous cases, chaos-based cryptography algorithms are proved insecure. [5] [8] [9] [10] The main issue in many of the cryptanalyzed algorithms is the inadequacy of the chaotic maps implemented in the system. [11] [12]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used and includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program. [1] Cryptographic protocols are widely used for secure application-level data transport.
Multivariate cryptography is the generic term for asymmetric cryptographic primitives based on multivariate polynomials over a finite field. In certain cases, those polynomials could be defined over both a ground and an extension field. If the polynomials have degree two, we talk about multivariate quadratics.
In cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated multiple times inside the algorithm. Splitting a large algorithmic function into rounds simplifies both implementation and cryptanalysis .