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Thymine could also be a target for actions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment. 5-FU can be a metabolic analog of thymine (in DNA synthesis) or uracil (in RNA synthesis). Substitution of this analog inhibits DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells. Thymine bases are frequently oxidized to hydantoins over time after the death of an ...
C 4 H 4 N 2 O 2 → H 3 NCH 2 CH 2 COO − + NH + 4 + CO 2. Oxidative degradation of uracil produces urea and maleic acid in the presence of H 2 O 2 and Fe 2+ or in the presence of diatomic oxygen and Fe 2+. Uracil is a weak acid. The first site of ionization of uracil is not known. [12] The negative charge is placed on the oxygen anion and ...
Instead of thymidine, RNA contains uridine (uracil joined to ribose). Uracil is chemically very similar to thymine, which is also known as 5-methyluracil. Since thymine nucleotides are precursors of DNA (but not RNA), the prefix "deoxy" is often left out, i.e., deoxythymidine is often just called thymidine. Thymidine is listed as a chemical ...
Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these heterocyclic six-membered rings. [2] [page needed] In addition, some viruses have aminoadenine (Z) instead of adenine. It differs in having an extra amine group, creating a more stable bond to thymine. [3]
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA, AID and single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene. [5] It creates mutations in DNA [6] [7] by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as a thymine). In other words, it changes a C:G base ...
Methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine occurs at the same 5 position on the pyrimidine ring where the DNA base thymine's methyl group is located; the same position distinguishes thymine from the analogous RNA base uracil, which has no methyl group. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine converts it to thymine. This results in a T ...
[11] [12] The chemical reaction is depicted in Figure 1, where sulfonation occurs at the carbon-6 position of cytosine to produce the intermediate cytosine sulfonate. [13] This intermediate then undergoes irreversible hydrolytic deamination to create uracil sulfonate. Under alkaline conditions, uracil sulfonate desulfonates to generate uracil. [13]
Deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) is the deoxygenated form of uridine monophosphate (UMP), and is the precursor to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), a component of DNA nucleotide biosynthesis. [1] By replacing the hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon of ribose with a hydrogen, UMP becomes deoxygenated to dUMP.