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One complete orbit takes 365.256 days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). [2] Ignoring the influence of other Solar System bodies, Earth's orbit, also called Earth's revolution, is an ellipse with the Earth–Sun barycenter as one focus with a current eccentricity of 0.0167. Since this value ...
The orbital period (also revolution ... This is the orbital period in an inertial ... differs from the tropical period owing to Earth's motion around the Sun.
As first explained by German engineer Maximilian Schuler in a 1923 paper, [1] a pendulum that has a period that equals the orbital period of a hypothetical satellite orbiting at the surface of Earth (about 84.4 minutes) will tend to remain pointing at the center of Earth when its support is suddenly displaced.
Moment of inertia factor. 0.3307 ... Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun—its mean solar day—is 86,400 ... The orbital speed of Earth averages about 29.78 ...
The gravitational attraction of the Sun and Moon on the Earth's equatorial bulge cause the rotational axis of the Earth to precess in space similar to the action of a top. This is called precession. Nutation is the smaller amplitude shorter-period (< 18.6 years) wobble that is superposed on the precessional motion of the Celestial pole. It is ...
Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun (solar noon to solar noon) is its true solar day or apparent solar day. [26] It depends on Earth's orbital motion and is thus affected by changes in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth's orbit. Both vary over thousands of years, so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies.
The rotation rate of the Earth (Ω = 7.2921 × 10 −5 rad/s) can be calculated as 2π / T radians per second, where T is the rotation period of the Earth which is one sidereal day (23 h 56 min 4.1 s). [2] In the midlatitudes, the typical value for is about 10 −4 rad/s.
Orbital period can be found from n given the fact that the mean motion can be described as a frequency (number of orbits per unit time), which is the inverse of period. P = 2 π n {\displaystyle P={\frac {2\pi }{n}}} if n is in radians, or P = 360 ∘ n {\displaystyle P={\frac {360^{\circ }}{n}}} if n is in degrees.