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This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the small irregularities that arise in the d- and f-blocks are quite irrelevant ...
The rule then predicts the electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2, abbreviated [Ar] 3d 9 4s 2 where [Ar] denotes the configuration of argon, the preceding noble gas. However, the measured electron configuration of the copper atom is [Ar] 3d 10 4s 1. By filling the 3d subshell, copper can be in a lower energy state.
In each term of an electron configuration, n is the positive integer that precedes each orbital letter (helium's electron configuration is 1s 2, therefore n = 1, and the orbital contains two electrons). An atom's nth electron shell can accommodate 2n 2 electrons. For example, the first shell can accommodate two electrons, the second shell eight ...
The average Ru-O bond length in Ru(acac) 3 is 2.00 Å. [1] Because Ru(acac) 3 is low spin, there is one unpaired d electron, causing this compound to be paramagnetic. Ru(acac) 3 has a magnetic susceptibility, χ M, of 3.032×10 −6 cm 3 /mol with an effective magnetic moment, μ eff, of 1.66 μ B. [6]
Ru(NH 3) 5 I 3 → RuI 3 + 5 NH 3. The salt metathesis reaction of hydrated ruthenium(III) chloride with potassium iodide in aqueous solution: [1] RuCl 3 ·xH 2 O + 3 KI → RuI 3 + 3 KCl + xH 2 O. Direct combination of the elements has been reported to succeed under some conditions (350 °C) but not others (500 °C and 20 atm): [1] 2 Ru + 3 I ...
Ruthenium red, [(NH 3) 5 Ru-O-Ru(NH 3) 4-O-Ru(NH 3) 5] 6+, is a biological stain used to stain polyanionic molecules such as pectin and nucleic acids for light microscopy and electron microscopy. [66] The beta-decaying isotope 106 of ruthenium is used in radiotherapy of eye tumors, mainly malignant melanomas of the uvea. [67]
This tetracarbonyl binds Ru(CO) 5, initiating the condensation. [5] Upon warming under a pressure of hydrogen, Ru 3 (CO) 12 converts to the tetrahedral cluster H 4 Ru 4 (CO) 12. [6] Ru 3 (CO) 12 undergoes substitution reactions with Lewis bases: Ru 3 (CO) 12 + n L → Ru 3 (CO) 12-n L n + n CO (n = 1, 2, or 3) where L is a tertiary phosphine or ...