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The reaction rate is pH dependent, and slightly alkaline conditions achieved by adding a weak base, e.g. sodium salicylate, will produce brighter light.Developed by American Cyanamid in the 1960s, the formulation containing CPPO, a fluorescer, and a glass capsule containing hydrogen peroxide and a base catalyst, all in dialkyl phthalate solvents, was marketed as Cyalume.
Luminol (C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2) is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent.Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents but insoluble in water.
Chemiluminescence in aqueous system is mainly caused by redox reactions. [4] Chemiluminescence after a reaction of hydrogen peroxide and luminol. Luminol in an alkaline solution with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper, [5] or an auxiliary oxidant, [6] produces 3-aminophtalate in an excited state, which exhibits ...
However, in the presence of a fluorescer, light can be generated (chemiluminescence). Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (CL) was first reported by Rauhut in 1967 [1] in the reaction of diphenyl oxalate. The emission is generated by the reaction of an oxalate ester with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a suitably fluorescent energy acceptor.
The artificial solution described by Dennis Hoagland in 1933, [1] known as Hoagland solution (0), has been modified several times, mainly to add ferric chelates to keep iron effectively in solution, [6] and to optimize the composition and concentration of other trace elements, some of which are not generally credited with a function in plant nutrition. [7]
2,6-Dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent) is an organic compound used as an colorimetric indicator to detect phenolic compounds. [1] Upon reaction with phenol itself, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol is formed, [ 2 ] a chemical that is used as a redox indicator .
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light upon relaxation to a lower-level state.
Reconstitution Solution consists of specially prepared, nontoxic ultra-pure water. [11] Diluent is a nontoxic solution that is made up of 2% NaCl in ultra-pure water. This solution is used for diluting the sample and the reagent, and also provides osmotic protection that is required by Allivibrio fischeri. [11] [12]