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Two objects that are not equal are said to be distinct. A formula such as =, where x and y are any expressions, means that x and y denote or represent the same object. [2] For example, = /, are two notations for the same number. Similarly, using set builder notation,
The number of representable numbers in the range from 0 to any number is proportional to , with a limiting constant of proportionality given by the Landau–Ramanujan constant, approximately 0.764. [3] The product of any two representable numbers is another representable number.
The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), ... because the number 0 is an integer value whereas false is a Boolean value.
Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes.. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer.
Jacobi's four-square theorem gives the number of ways that a number can be represented as the sum of four squares. For the number of representations of a positive integer as a sum of squares of k integers, see Sum of squares function. Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares says which primes are sums of two squares.
Randomly pick a number a. Check equality (corresponding to the chosen test) involving a and the given number n. If the equality fails to hold true, then n is a composite number and a is a witness for the compositeness, and the test stops. Get back to the step one until the required accuracy is reached.
This follows from the left side of the equation being equal to zero, requiring the right side to equal zero as well, and so the vector sum of a + b (the long diagonal of the rhombus) dotted with the vector difference a - b (the short diagonal of the rhombus) must equal zero, which indicates the diagonals are perpendicular.
In mathematics, the amicable numbers are two different natural numbers related in such a way that the sum of the proper divisors of each is equal to the other number. That is, s(a)=b and s(b)=a, where s(n)=σ(n)-n is equal to the sum of positive divisors of n except n itself (see also divisor function). The smallest pair of amicable numbers is ...