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Without elasticity, the varnish would soon crack, allowing water to penetrate the wood beneath. Prior to the development of modern polymer chemistry, varnish production was rudimentary. Originally, spar varnish was a "long oil" varnish, composed primarily of drying oil with a small proportion of resin, usually boiled linseed oil and rosin. [1]
Varnish on wood stairs Varnished oak floor. Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain. It usually has a yellowish shade due to the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades.
Instead of buying a custom wood door for thousands, make over the front door you have with a wood veneer and some varnish for a few hundred.
There are also mixtures sold as finishing oils. These are classed as 'long oils', predominantly oil with some varnish added or as 'short oils' which are predominantly varnish, with some oil. [2] Danish oil is a popular long oil finishing oil. Spar varnish is a short oil varnish, used for added flexibility and elasticity.
A worker sprays a urethane finish onto a timber. Wood finishing refers to the process of refining or protecting a wooden surface, especially in the production of furniture where typically it represents between 5 and 30% of manufacturing costs.
Relative to oil or shellac varnishes, polyurethane varnish forms a harder film which tends to de-laminate if subjected to heat or shock, fracturing the film and leaving white patches. This tendency increases when it is applied over softer woods like pine. This is also in part due to polyurethane's lesser penetration into the wood.
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