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Euclid (/ ˈ j uː k l ɪ d /; Ancient Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. [2] Considered the "father of geometry", [3] he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions from these.
The Elements (Ancient Greek: Στοιχεῖα Stoikheîa) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid c. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions.
Euclid's Elements was the culmination of this effort and for over two thousand years, even as late as the 19th century, it remained the "standard text" on mathematics throughout the Mediterranean region (including Europe and the Middle East), and later also in North and South America after European colonization.
A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is the historical aspects that define geometry, instead of the analytical geometric studies that becomes conducted from geometricians. Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are:
Theon of Alexandria (/ ˌ θ iː ə n,-ɒ n /; Ancient Greek: Θέων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; c. AD 335 – c. 405) was a Greek [1] scholar and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. He edited and arranged Euclid's Elements and wrote commentaries on works by Euclid and Ptolemy. His daughter Hypatia also won fame as a mathematician.
The Data of Euclid, trans. from the text of Menge by George L. McDowell and Merle A. Sokolik, Baltimore: Union Square Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-9635924-1-6) The Medieval Latin Translation of the Data of Euclid, translated by Shuntaro Ito, Tokyo University Press, 1980 and Birkhauser, 1998.
Euclid in Greek, Book I, With Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920) A History of Greek Mathematics, in two volumes (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921) [9] A Manual of Greek Mathematics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931) Greek Astronomy (London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1932) Mathematics in Aristotle (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1949)