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Energy (from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia) 'activity') is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.
Total energy is the sum of rest energy = and relativistic kinetic energy: = = + Invariant mass is mass measured in a center-of-momentum frame. For bodies or systems with zero momentum, it simplifies to the mass–energy equation E 0 = m 0 c 2 {\displaystyle E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}} , where total energy in this case is equal to rest energy.
Dark energy, used to explain some cosmological phenomena; Energy quality, empirical experience of the characteristics of different energy forms as they flow and transform; Energy density, amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume, or per unit mass; Energy flow, flow of energy in an ecosystem through food chains
Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a ...
Energy is a scalar quantity, and the mechanical energy of a system is the sum of the potential energy (which is measured by the position of the parts of the system) and the kinetic energy (which is also called the energy of motion): [1] [2] = +
In spectroscopy and related fields it is common to measure energy levels in units of reciprocal centimetres. These units (cm −1 ) are strictly speaking not energy units but units proportional to energies, with h c ∼ 2 ⋅ 10 − 23 J c m {\displaystyle \ hc\sim 2\cdot 10^{-23}\ \mathrm {J} \ \mathrm {cm} } being the proportionality constant.
The macroscopic energy equation for infinitesimal volume used in heat transfer analysis is [6] = +, ˙, where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal ...
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...