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Chapter 12 of Title 11 of the United States Code, or simply chapter 12, is a chapter of the Bankruptcy Code. It is similar to Chapter 13 in structure, but it offers additional benefits to farmers and fishermen in certain circumstances, beyond those available to ordinary wage earners. Chapter 12 is applicable only to family farmers and fishermen.
In Chapter 12 and Chapter 13 cases, the debtor is usually entitled to a discharge upon completing all payments under the plan. If the debtor fails to complete a required personal finance course after filing a Chapter 13, they will be ineligible for their discharge. Roughly 25-40% of Chapter 13 debts receive a discharge. [14]
In United States bankruptcy law, an automatic stay is an automatic injunction that halts actions by creditors, with certain exceptions, to collect debts from a debtor who has declared bankruptcy. Under section 362 of the United States Bankruptcy Code , [ 1 ] the stay begins at the moment the bankruptcy petition is filed.
A dismissal opens the door to possibly re-filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. While that would mean restarting the process and locking into another three to five years of payments, the benefit is ...
“Dismissal” occurs when you cannot complete the repayment plan and the case is, therefore, dismissed by the court — essentially meaning the bankruptcy was not successful.
On the other hand, Chapter 13 bankruptcy focuses on reorganizing your debts. This often includes credit card debt, which means some credit card debt may be included in a Chapter 13 repayment plan.
Chapter 3: Case Administration; Chapter 5: Creditors, the Debtor and the Estate; Chapter 7: Liquidation; Chapter 9: Adjustment of Debts of a Municipality; Chapter 11: Reorganization; Chapter 12: Adjustment of Debts of a Family Farmer or Fisherman with Regular Annual Income; Chapter 13: Adjustment of Debts of an Individual with Regular Income
Congress amended this section of the Bankruptcy Code to provide for the dismissal or conversion of a Chapter 7 case upon a finding of "abuse" by an individual debtor (or married couple) with "primarily consumer debt". The pre-BAPCPA language of § 707(b) provided for dismissal of a chapter 7 case upon a finding of "substantial abuse".