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If they are above these levels the waste must be taken to a hazardous waste disposal facility and the cost of disposal may increase from about $50.00/ton to as much as $1200.00/ton. As extremely contaminated material is expensive to dispose of, grading is necessary to ensure safe disposal and to avoid paying for disposal of "clean fill."
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) [1] is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography.
For example, the mobile phase composition may be kept constant at 5% acetonitrile for 1–3 min, followed by a linear change up to 95% acetonitrile. [ citation needed ] The chosen composition of the mobile phase depends on the intensity of interactions between various sample components ("analytes") and stationary phase ( e.g. , hydrophobic ...
The compound is an alkylating agent, [2] and as such is handled cautiously. Chloroacetonitrile is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride . A second chlorination gives dichloro acetonitrile , which undergoes cycloaddition with sulfur monochloride to give 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride : [ 3 ]
Acetonitrile has only modest toxicity in small doses. [11] [19] It can be metabolised to produce hydrogen cyanide, which is the source of the observed toxic effects. [9] [20] [21] Generally the onset of toxic effects is delayed, due to the time required for the body to metabolize acetonitrile to cyanide (generally about 2–12 hours). [11]
Silica gel particles are commonly used as a stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for several reasons, [13] [14] including: High surface area: Silica gel particles have a high surface area, allowing direct interactions with solutes or after bonding of variety of ligands for versatile interactions with the sample molecules, leading to better separations.
Cooling baths are generally one of two types: (a) a cold fluid (particularly liquid nitrogen, water, or even air) — but most commonly the term refers to (b) a mixture of 3 components: (1) a cooling agent (such as dry ice or ice); (2) a liquid "carrier" (such as liquid water, ethylene glycol, acetone, etc.), which transfers heat between the ...
2 C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2 + C 10 H 12 → 2 C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 (OH) 2 + C 10 H 8. The resulting hydroquinone is poorly soluble in typical reaction solvents (dioxane, benzene, alkanes), which facilitates workup. Solutions of DDQ in benzene are red, due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex. [9]