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The oil drop experiment was performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron). [1] [2] The experiment took place in the Ryerson Physical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. [3] [4] [5] Millikan received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923. [6]
Millikan in 1891. Robert Andrews Millikan was born on March 22, 1868, in Morrison, Illinois. [6] He went to high school in Maquoketa, Iowa and received a bachelor's degree in the classics from Oberlin College in 1891 and his doctorate in physics from Columbia University in 1895 [11] – he was the first to earn a Ph.D. from that department.
Robert A. Millikan Harvey Fletcher (September 11, 1884 – July 23, 1981) was an American physicist . [ 1 ] Known as the "father of stereophonic sound ", he is credited with the invention of the 2-A audiometer [ 2 ] and an early electronic hearing aid .
The charges of free-standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge.
The electric charge per mole of electrons is a constant called the Faraday constant and has been known since 1834, when Michael Faraday published his works on electrolysis. In 1910, Robert Millikan with the help of Harvey Fletcher obtained the first measurement of the charge on an electron. Dividing the charge on a mole of electrons by the ...
The electron's charge was more carefully measured by the American physicists Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in their oil-drop experiment of 1909, the results of which were published in 1911. This experiment used an electric field to prevent a charged droplet of oil from falling as a result of gravity.
Electrostatic levitation is the process of using an electric field to levitate a charged object and counteract the effects of gravity. It was used, for instance, in Robert Millikan 's oil drop experiment and is used to suspend the gyroscopes in Gravity Probe B during launch.
This was the basis for Robert Millikan's demonstration that electrical charges occur in discrete units, whose magnitude is the charge of the electron. Electrical mobility is also inversely proportional to the Stokes radius a {\displaystyle a} of the ion, which is the effective radius of the moving ion including any molecules of water or other ...