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The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; they are often used as solvents. Many of them are hygroscopic . Organic compounds
Sodium benzenesulfonate is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na.It is white, water-soluble solid, It is produced by the neutralization benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Water solubility: negligible Specific gravity: 0.87 Principal hazards *** Benzene is a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). *** Very flammable. The pure material, and any solutions containing it, constitute a fire risk. Safe handling: Benzene should NOT be used at all unless no safer alternatives are available.
Rain water contains dissolved carbon dioxide taken from the atmosphere. Some of the dissolved carbon dioxide reacts with the water to form carbonic acid, which remains in solution. Minerals containing calcium and magnesium form soluble bicarbonates when exposed to carbonic acid. Water containing these minerals is known as "hard water".
Sodium hydroxide is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents. Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid, dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water is a highly exothermic reaction [17] where a large amount of heat is liberated, posing a threat to safety through the possibility of splashing. The resulting solution is usually colorless ...
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S.It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid.It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether.
In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst. [9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid. [10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide. [1]
As benzene is ubiquitous in gasoline and hydrocarbon fuels that are in use everywhere, human exposure to benzene is a global health problem. Benzene targets the liver, kidney, lung, heart and brain and can cause DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, hence is teratogenic and mutagenic. Benzene causes cancer in animals including humans.
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