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It is generally reserved for patients with fulminant liver failure, failure of shunts, or progression of cirrhosis that reduces the life expectancy to one year. [23] Survival rates in Budd–Chiari syndrome after liver transplantation are 76%, 71% and 68% after 1, 5 and 10 years respectively. [2]
Giant cell arteritis and its treatment impact on people's lives because of symptoms, adverse effects of GCs and disruption to normal life. [38] People with GCA have previously ranked ‘losing sight in both eyes permanently’, ‘having intense or severe pain’ and ‘feeling weak, tired or exhausted’ as important quality of life domains ...
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10. [1]
To make the distinction, abnormal liver function tests and/or ultrasound suggesting liver disease are required, and ideally a liver biopsy. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may also arise from other conditions, such as bleeding in the brain and seizures (both of which are more common in chronic liver disease).
Amyloidosis of the central nervous system can have more severe and systemic presentations that may include life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiac failure, malnutrition, infection, or death. [ 14 ] Neuropathic presentation can depend on the etiology of amyloidosis. [ 14 ]
Newborn cerebral softening has traditionally been attributed to trauma at birth and its effect on brain tissue into adulthood. [7] However, more recent research shows that cerebral softening in newborns and the degeneration of white matter is caused by asphyxia and/or later infection.
Meningovascular syphilis is often in the intermediate stage of neurosyphilis, typically presenting 5 to 12 years after infection. [6] It is due to inflammation of the blood vessels supplying the central nervous system, resulting in the death of brain tissue called ischemia. It may present as stroke or spinal cord injury. Signs and symptoms vary ...
PML is diagnosed in a patient with a progressive course of the disease, finding JC virus DNA in spinal fluid together with consistent white-matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); alternatively, a brain biopsy is diagnostic [1] when the typical histopathology of demyelination, bizarre astrocytes, and enlarged oligodendroglial ...