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Water is the most common heat transfer fluid because of its economy, high heat capacity and favorable transport properties. However, the useful temperature range is restricted by freezing below 0 °C and boiling at elevated temperatures depending on the system pressure.
Some designs, e.g. CANDU reactor, use both types; heavy water in the nonpressurized calandria tank as the moderator and a supplementary coolant, and light water as the primary heat transfer fluid. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) is used as high temperature, thermally stable heat transfer fluids exhibiting strong resistance to oxidation. Modern PAGs ...
A thermic fluid heater (TFH), [1] also known as a thermal oil heater, is a device used for indirect heat transfer through a thermic fluid. It heats the fluid to a desired temperature and then transfers that heat to various processes without any direct contact between the heating source and the product.
Such spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of lower temperature, as described in the second law of thermodynamics. Heat convection occurs when the bulk flow of a fluid (gas or liquid) carries its heat through the fluid. All convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well.
Molten salts (fluoride, chloride, and nitrate) can be used as heat transfer fluids as well as for thermal storage. This thermal storage is used in concentrated solar power plants. [8] [9] Molten-salt reactors are a type of nuclear reactor that uses molten salt(s) as a coolant or as a solvent in which the fissile material is dissolved ...
where ˙ is the heat transferred per unit time, A is the area of the object, h is the heat transfer coefficient, T is the object's surface temperature, and T f is the fluid temperature. [8] The convective heat transfer coefficient is dependent upon the physical properties of the fluid and the physical situation.
Assume heat transfer [2] is occurring in a heat exchanger along an axis z, from generic coordinate A to B, between two fluids, identified as 1 and 2, whose temperatures along z are T 1 (z) and T 2 (z).
The heat transfer fluid can be air, water, oil, or a mixture including glycol (an antifreeze fluid), especially in forced circulation systems. [32] Concentration systems may utilize phase change materials such as molten salts. [33] The thermal energy of the heat transfer fluid can then be used directly or stored for later use. [34]
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