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Heat Capacity: A fluid’s heat capacity indicates how much thermal energy it can transport and store, impacting the efficiency of the heat transfer process. [ 2 ] Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity : These properties influence the rate at which heat is transferred through the fluid, affecting how quickly a system can respond to ...
Most shell-and-tube heat exchangers are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side. This refers to the number of times the fluid in the tubes passes through the fluid in the shell. In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid goes in one end of each tube and out the other.
Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase-change transfer. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species, either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. Sections include : Energy transfer by heat, work and mass; Laws of thermodynamics; Entropy
Convective heat transfer, or simply, convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. The bulk motion of fluid enhances heat transfer in many physical situations, such as between a solid surface and the fluid. [ 10 ]
A thermic fluid heater (TFH), [1] also known as a thermal oil heater, is a device used for indirect heat transfer through a thermic fluid. It heats the fluid to a desired temperature and then transfers that heat to various processes without any direct contact between the heating source and the product.
Assume heat transfer [2] is occurring in a heat exchanger along an axis z, from generic coordinate A to B, between two fluids, identified as 1 and 2, whose temperatures along z are T 1 (z) and T 2 (z). The local exchanged heat flux at z is proportional to the temperature difference:
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. [ 1 ] The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. [ 2 ]
For a viscous, Newtonian fluid, the governing equations for mass conservation and momentum conservation are the continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equations: = = + where is the pressure and is the viscous stress tensor, with the components of the viscous stress tensor given by: = (+) + The energy of a unit volume of the fluid is the sum of the kinetic energy / and the internal energy ...