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The Canadian federal government announced in 2023-24, $94.6 billion to transfer to the provinces and territories through major transfers (Canada Health Transfer, Canada Social Transfer, Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing), direct targeted support and trust funds), a $7 billion increase from the previous year, 2022-23.
A formal system of equalization payments was first introduced in 1957. [7] [ Notes 1]. The original program had the goal of giving each province the same per-capita revenue as the two wealthiest provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, in three tax bases: personal income taxes, corporate income taxes and succession duties (inheritance taxes).
Equalization payments do not, technically, involve wealthy provinces making payments to poor provinces, although in practice this is what happens, via the federal treasury. As an example, a wealthy citizen in New Brunswick, a so-called "have not" province, pays more into equalization than a poorer citizen in Alberta, a so-called "have" province.
Successive Alberta governments and popular opinion in the province have decried the equalization formula, noting that Alberta has not received funding under the equalization program since 1965. [7] The current equalization formula was implemented shortly after Stephen Harper 's Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government after the ...
A table listing total GDP (expenditure-based), share of Canadian GDP, population, and per capita GDP in 2023. For illustrative purposes, market income (total income less government transfers) [1] per capita from tax returns is included. (The per capita, rather than per tax filer, measure is chosen for comparability with GDP per capita.)
The 2009 Canadian federal budget allocated funds for the period covering 2009–2011: renovation and energy retrofits to social housing ($1 billion); to build housing for low-income seniors ($400 million); to build social housing for persons with disabilities ($75 million); to support social housing in the North ($200 million); low-cost loans ...
Income taxes throughout Canada are progressive with the high income residents paying a higher percentage than the low income. [31] Where income is earned in the form of a capital gain, only half of the gain is included in income for tax purposes; the other half is not taxed.
In the Canadian tax system the term Adjusted cost base (ACB) refers to the cost of an investment adjusted for several tax-related items including acquisition costs. [1] It is used in the calculation of capital gains or losses.