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Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. [5] The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400 ...
Lithium treatment has been shown to reduce the density of neurofibrillary tangles in transgenic models in the hippocampus and spinal cord. Despite the decrease in density of NFTs, motor and memory deficits were not seen to improve following treatment. Additionally, no preventive effects have been seen in patients undergoing lithium treatment. [22]
Alzheimer's disease is believed to occur when abnormal amounts of amyloid beta (Aβ), accumulating extracellularly as amyloid plaques and tau proteins, or intracellularly as neurofibrillary tangles, form in the brain, affecting neuronal functioning and connectivity, resulting in a progressive loss of brain function.
Hyperfixations — on specific activities, interests and, yes, meals — are a common experience among people with ADHD. They may also hyperfocus on a particular topic, Adler says.
The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is not yet very well understood. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been identified as a proteopathy: a protein misfolding disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain. [1]
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [11] [14] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [15] It is the most common early presenting dementia. [16]
In subcortical dementia, there is targeted damage to regions lying under the cortex. The pathological process that result in subcortical dementia shows neuronal changes that involve primarily the thalamus , basal ganglia , and rostral brain-stem nuclei and mostly, some projections in the white matter from these regions to the cortex, with ...
Psychological therapies for dementia are starting to gain some momentum. [ when? ] Improved clinical assessment in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia , increased cognitive stimulation of the elderly, and the prescription of drugs to slow cognitive decline have resulted in increased detection in the early stages.