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In electronic logic circuits, a pull-up resistor (PU) or pull-down resistor (PD) is a resistor used to ensure a known state for a signal. [1] It is typically used in combination with components such as switches and transistors , which physically interrupt the connection of subsequent components to ground or to V CC .
Modern microcontrollers may allow programming particular output pins to use open drain instead of push–pull output, the strength of the internal pull-up, and allow disabling internal pullups when not desired. [3] For pMOS open drain, the output instead connects to the positive power rail when the transistor is on, and is hi-Z when off.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
GPIO interfaces vary widely. In some cases, they are simple—a group of pins that can switch as a group to either input or output. In others, each pin can be set up to accept or source different logic voltages, with configurable drive strengths and pull ups/downs. Input and output voltages are usually, but not always, limited to the supply ...
Nearly all digital circuits use a consistent logic level for all internal signals. That level, however, varies from one system to another. Interconnecting any two logic families often required special techniques such as additional pull-up resistors or purpose-built interface circuits known as level shifters.
The MSP430G2xx Value Series features flash-based Ultra-Low Power MCUs up to 16 MIPS with 1.8–3.6 V operation. It includes the Very-Low power Oscillator (VLO), internal pull-up/pull-down resistors, and low-pin count options at lower prices than the MSP430F2xx series. Ultra-Low Power, as low as (@2.2 V): 0.1 μA RAM retention
A push switch (button) is a momentary or non-latching switch which causes a temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch is physically actuated. An automatic mechanism (i.e. a spring ) returns the switch to its default position immediately afterwards, restoring the initial circuit condition.
Enables or disables the pull-up resistor on pins configured as inputs. PIN x : Input register, used to read an input signal. On some devices, this register can be used for pin toggling: writing a logic one to a PIN x bit toggles the corresponding bit in PORT x , irrespective of the setting of the DDR x bit.