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  2. Stress (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology)

    Stress (biology) Schematic overview of the classes of stresses in plants. Neurohormonal response to stress. Stress, whether physiological, biological or psychological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. [1] When stressed by stimuli that alter an organism's environment, multiple systems respond across the ...

  3. Socioeconomic status and mental health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status_and...

    The social causation theory is an older theory with more evidence and research behind it. [1] This hypothesis states that one's socioeconomic status (SES) is the cause of weakening mental functions. As Perry writes in The Journal of Primary Prevention, "members of the lower social classes experience excess psychological stress and relatively ...

  4. Socioeconomic status - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status

    Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's access to economic resources and social position in relation to others. [1][2] When analyzing a family's SES, the household income and the education and occupations of its members are examined ...

  5. Optimality model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality_model

    Optimality modeling is the modeling aspect of optimization theory. It allows for the calculation and visualization of the costs and benefits that influence the outcome of a decision, and contributes to an understanding of adaptations. The approach based on optimality models in biology is sometimes called optimality theory.

  6. Allee effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allee_effect

    Allee effects are classified by the nature of density dependence at low densities. If the population shrinks for low densities, there is a strong Allee effect. If the proliferation rate is positive and increasing then there is a weak Allee effect. The null hypothesis is that proliferation rates are positive but decreasing at low densities.

  7. Proximate and ultimate causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximate_and_ultimate...

    A proximate cause is an event which is closest to, or immediately responsible for causing, some observed result. This exists in contrast to a higher-level ultimate cause (or distal cause) which is usually thought of as the "real" reason something occurred. The concept is used in many fields of research and analysis, including data science and ...

  8. Federal Reserve Economic Data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Economic_Data

    Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) is a database maintained by the Research division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis that has more than 816,000 economic time series from various sources. [1] They cover banking, business/fiscal, consumer price indexes, employment and population, exchange rates, gross domestic product, interest rates ...

  9. Cellular stress response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_stress_response

    Cellular stress response. Cellular stress response is the wide range of molecular changes that cells undergo in response to environmental stressors, including extremes of temperature, exposure to toxins, and mechanical damage. Cellular stress responses can also be caused by some viral infections. [1] The various processes involved in cellular ...