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2. RCA clean - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_clean

   The RCA clean is a standard set of wafer cleaning steps which need to be performed before high-temperature processing steps (oxidation, diffusion, CVD) of silicon wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Werner Kern developed the basic procedure in 1965 while working for RCA, the Radio Corporation of America. [1][2][3] It involves the following ...

3. Silanization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silanization

   Silanization is the attachment of an organosilyl group to some chemical species. Almost always, silanization is the conversion of a silanol-terminated surface to a alkylsiloxy-terminated surface. This conversion confers hydrophobicity to a previously hydrophilic surface. [1][2] This process is often used to modify the surface properties of ...

4. Cuvette - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuvette

   Cuvette. In laboratories, a cuvette (French: cuvette, lit. 'little vessel') is a small tube-like container with straight sides and a circular or square cross-section. It is sealed at one end, and made of a clear, transparent material such as plastic, glass, or fused quartz. Cuvettes are designed to hold samples for spectroscopic measurement ...

5. Fused quartz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz

   Fused quartz, fused silica or quartz glass is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon dioxide, SiO 2) in amorphous (non- crystalline) form. This differs from all other commercial glasses, such as soda-lime glass, lead glass, or borosilicate glass, in which other ingredients are added which change the glasses' optical and physical ...

6. Devitrification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devitrification

   Devitrification occurs in glass art during the firing process of fused glass whereby the surface of the glass develops a whitish scum, crazing, or wrinkles instead of a smooth glossy shine, as the molecules in the glass change their structure into that of crystalline solids. While this condition is normally undesired, in glass art it is ...

7. List of refractive indices - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indices

   List of refractive indices. Refraction at interface. Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength (λ) of 589 nanometers.