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A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
A geographic coordinate system defines two-dimensional coordinates based on the Earth’s surface. It has an angular unit of measure, prime meridian , and datum (which contains the spheroid). As shown in the image below, lines of longitude have X-coordinates between -180 and +180 degrees.
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) uses a three-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the earth. A GCS is often incorrectly called a datum, but a datum is only one part of a GCS. A GCS includes an angular unit of measure, a prime meridian, and a datum (based on a spheroid).
Latitude and longitude, coordinate system by means of which the position or location of any place on Earth’s surface can be determined and described. Latitude is a measurement of location north or south of the Equator. Longitude is a similar measurement east or west of the Greenwich meridian.
A Geographic Coordinate System is a reference framework used to define the location of features on the surface of the Earth. It is a system of latitude and longitude coordinates that defines a three-dimensional position of a point on the Earth’s surface.
The coordinate system used to define locations on the three-dimensional earth is the geographic coordinate system (GCS), based on a sphere or spheroid. A spheroid (a.k.a. ellipsoid) is simply a slightly wider sphere than it is tall and approximates the actual shape of the earth more closely.
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
The geographic coordinate system uses degrees to express latitude and longitude, with latitude ranging from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles, and longitude ranging from 0° at the prime meridian to 180° east or west.
The geographic coordinate system is designed specifically to define positions on the Earth's roughly-spherical surface. Instead of the two linear measurement scales, x and y, the geographic coordinate systems juxtaposes two curved measurement scales.
Figure 2.11.1 The geographic coordinate system. Longitude specifies positions east and west as the angle between the prime meridian and a second meridian that intersects the point of interest. Longitude ranges from +180 (or 180° E) to -180° (or 180° W). 180° East and West longitude together form the International Date Line.